Fiberglass Insulation
Fiberglass insulation is made from spun glass fibers and comes in batts, rolls, or loose-fill. It’s widely available, affordable, and non-combustible, with newer versions now free of formaldehyde. However, it can allow air leakage if not paired with proper air sealing and may irritate the skin or respiratory system during installation. It’s best suited for attics, walls, and floors where keeping costs low is a priority.
Spray Foam Insulation
Spray foam insulation is an expanding foam that both seals gaps and insulates. It provides excellent air sealing, blocking drafts, allergens, and pollutants, and offers a high R-value per inch— especially in closed-cell form, which also acts as a moisture barrier and adds structural strength. However, it comes with a higher upfront cost, requires professional installation, and can off-gas during curing. It’s best used in attics, rim joists, basements, and other areas prone to leaks.
Cellulose Insulation
Cellulose insulation is made from recycled paper treated with borates for fire and pest resistance. It’s eco-friendly, offers excellent soundproofing, and fills gaps more effectively than fiberglass batts. However, it can settle over time, reducing its effectiveness, and may absorb moisture if not properly sealed. It’s best suited for existing walls, attics, and areas where sound control is important.
Mineral Wool
Rock wool (or mineral wool) insulation is made from spun volcanic rock or industrial slag. It’s naturally fire- and water-resistant, provides excellent sound absorption, and doesn’t promote mold growth. However, it tends to be more expensive than fiberglass and may be harder to find in some markets. It’s best used in fire-resistant applications, for sound control, and in basements.
Rigid Foam Board
Rigid foam board insulation (EPS, XPS, or Polyiso) consists of solid foam panels with varying densities and thermal properties. It offers a high R-value per inch, resists moisture, and is often used as continuous exterior insulation. However, it can be more expensive and labor-intensive to install in existing homes. It’s best suited for foundation walls, exterior sheathing, under-slab applications, or areas where space is limited.
